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  全球變暖和氣候變化正日益威脅著人類的生存，為此，許多政府已經制定了“碳達峰”和“碳中和”的“雙碳”目標，以減少碳排放。建筑是碳排放的主要來源之一，其能耗占總能耗的四分之一以上。其中，通過門窗的能量損失占一半以上，特別是在透明玻璃窗占比極大的現代建筑中，因為透射陽光會產生很多熱量。由于太陽光中的近紅外部分是輻射熱的主要來源，因而屏蔽近紅外光可以有效降低室內溫度，助力緩解能源危機。

  針對上述問題，北京科技大學楊槐/于美娜團隊等人設計了一種基于聚合物分散液晶(PDLC)復合材料的柔性雙功能智能窗戶，集成銀納米線作為透明導電電極（TCE），以Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-Cs_xWO₃（Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-CWO）作為近紅外屏蔽和空氣凈化層。該智能窗戶不但可以通過外加電壓的大小控制對可見光和近紅外光的透射率以實現太陽光的動態調控，還具有一定的自清潔能力。相關工作以“A novel dual-functional flexible dimming film for smart window applications: energy saving and self-cleaning performance”為題發表于Chemical Engineering Journal，北京科技大學新材料技術研究院張作為為文章第一作者，北京科技大學/北京大學楊槐教授、北京科技大學于美娜特聘副研究員和劉傳寶副教授為共同通訊作者。 

文章要點

1. 成功制備合成了Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-CWO納米粒子

Figure 1. (a) UC emission spectra of CWO-0.1/5, 0.3/5, 0.5/5 and 0.7/5; (b) photographs of UC emission; (c) energy level diagram of Tm³⁺ and Yb³⁺ ions and the UC process; (d) fluorescence lifetime curve; (e) Photocurrent diagram of different particles; (f) infrared thermal images of samples CWO, CWO-0.1/5 and CWO-0.5/5 under the infrared light; (g) transmission spectra of films coated with CWO, CWO-0.1/5, CWO-0.3/5, CWO-0.5/5 and CWO-0.7/5, respectively; (h) photographs of the PDLC coated with different films; (i) transmission spectra of films coated with 0.1C, 0.3C, 0.5C and 0.7C -0.5/5, respectively.

2. 制備PDLC/Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-CWO 復合薄膜

Figure2. (a) Schematic diagram of the structure of PDLC film; (b-c) longitudinal and cross-sectional images of the polymer matrix in PDLC layer; (d) The electro-optical response of the initial PDLC film and the PDLC coated with Tm³⁺/Yb³⁺-CWO layer; inset: response time curve of film; (e) photographs showing the appearance variation of the composite PDLC under different voltages; (f) transmission spectra of composite PDLC under different voltages.

3. 智能窗構建

Figure 3. (a) Schematic diagram of smart windows based on composite PDLC and its working mechanism; (b) schematic working principle of the smart window; (c) photos of the smart window at different voltage. Concentration of CWO-0.5/5 in four window samples: (I) CWO-0.5/5 = 0g/ml, (II) CWO-0.5/5 = 0.011g/ml, (III) CWO-0.5/5 = 0.005g/ml, (IV) CWO-0.5/5 = 0.007g/ml;

4. 結論

  原文鏈接：https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150601