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橡樹嶺領軍碳纖維研究
2009-12-21  來源: 復材在線

圖為:微波輔助等離子體的碳纖維(來源:ORNL)

  美國能源部(DOE)能源效率與可再生能源辦公室(Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy)近日宣布,計劃投入3,470萬美元在橡樹嶺國家實驗室(ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA)創(chuàng)立一個碳纖維科技中心。該項目將促進低成本碳纖維在復合材料領域的商業(yè)化應用。

    橡樹嶺實驗室主任Thom Mason評價說:“碳纖維科技中心的建立將推動輕型汽車的制造,這意味著使用更少的汽油燃料,并釋放更少的二氧化碳,同時,兼具舒適性、安全性和優(yōu)越的性能于一身。這些都將成為橡樹嶺實驗室汽車和相關產業(yè)研究課題的重中之重,通過成立碳纖維技術中心,我們可以更好地應對科研挑戰(zhàn)。”

    此外,橡樹嶺實驗室還關注碳纖維復合材料在其他能源產業(yè)領域的應用,比如風機葉片和塔架。橡樹嶺能源工程科學實驗室副主任Dana Christensen說:“通過使用碳纖維復合材料降低車重,并降低油耗是下一階段的計劃,需要政府和企業(yè)通力合作,幫助美國實現其燃油效率目標。在過去的十年里,我們一直努力克服碳纖維復合材料商業(yè)化成本高和生產設備的局限性,目前已經取得長足進步。”

    橡樹嶺先進傳輸系統(tǒng)實驗室主任Ray Boeman介紹新中心接下來研究重點將包括確定低成本碳纖維前體,開發(fā)轉化為碳纖維前體的先進技術,以及測試低成本復合材料的設計和制造能力。Boeman說:“新技術中心將大大加快這些研究工作的進程,同時鼓勵創(chuàng)新性研究成果和促進碳纖維的商業(yè)化應用。新研究中心目前正處于試運行階段,將對降低碳纖維成本(至少50%)和改進碳纖維大批量應用的科技的可擴展性進行測試。”

    預計該中心每年將為其合作伙伴(政府和企業(yè))生產80噸低成本碳纖維,用于評估和使用。中心目前的主要設備包括一個常規(guī)熱碳纖維轉換線和熔融紡原絲生產線,并增加一條先進的技術轉換線作為備用。Boeman表示已經有17家單位(來自政府,企業(yè),學術機構,金融機構)來信表示支持,該技術中心將進一步推動ORNL的研究人員和我們的合作伙伴更緊密的合作關系,幫助培養(yǎng)高技能的人才,增加國內就業(yè)和促進經濟發(fā)展,日后還將用于教育和培訓目的。

關于ORNL:  

 橡樹嶺國家實驗室(Oak Ridge National Laboratory,簡稱ORNL)于1943年成立,原稱克林頓實驗室,是目前美國能源部所屬最大的科學和能源研究實驗室。2000年4月以后由田那西大學和Battelle紀念研究所合伙管理。 20世紀50年代和60年代期間,ORNL是從事核能和物理及生命科學相關研究的國際中心。70年代成立了能源部后,使得ORNL的研究計劃擴展到能源產生、傳輸和保存領域。ORNL的任務是開展基礎和應用的研究與開發(fā),提供科學知識和技術上解決復雜問題的創(chuàng)新方法,增強美國在主要科學領域里的領先地位;提高潔凈大量能源的利用率;恢復和保護環(huán)境以及為國家安全作貢獻。

圖為位于美國田那西州橡樹嶺的橡樹嶺國家實驗室

本文英文原文見(復材世界), 復材在線編輯部編譯,有刪改。

ORNL碳纖維研發(fā)的新動向
1. 近年,橡樹嶺國家實驗室(ORNL)正在研究低成本的碳纖維復合材料,用來制造新一代機動車,其目標是每加侖汽油可使此機動車行駛80英里;

2. ORNL和北卡羅來納州州立大學共同進行碳纖維原料替代物的研究,有關人員發(fā)現:造紙企業(yè)制漿過程中排出的廢料含有一種稱作“木質素(lignin)”的物料,有望用作目前碳纖維原料的替代物;

3. ORNL的研究者們正與汽車制造商合作,共同尋找降低碳纖維復合材料成本的途徑。 在田納西大學的支持下,對來自可再生能源的碳纖維原絲替代物,ORNL的研究者們正在進行原材料和紡絲工藝的優(yōu)化工作。研究者們的另一個工作重點是開發(fā)一種有效的碳纖維氧化工藝,該工藝將提高碳纖維的產量并降低這種原材料的成本。等離子體加工技術是一種頗具前景的快速氧化原絲纖維的工藝。 ORNL正在建立一條模塊化碳纖維研究試驗用生產線來評估這些新的工藝技術(來源:中國雜志)。

Through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has allocated $34.7 million to establish the Carbon Fiber Technology Center at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL, Oak Ridge, Tenn., USA). The project, which will enable the development and commercialization of low-cost carbon fiber for use in composite materials, is being funded through DOE''s Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. The announcement was part of $104 million in Recovery Act funding for research and testing facilities at seven DOE national laboratories.

"Materials research conducted at this center will help advance the production of lighter-weight vehicles that use less oil and less fuel and produce fewer emissions without compromising comfort, safety or performance," said ORNL director Thom Mason. "These goals are a priority for the nation''s automotive and other industries, and through this project, we can help them address the challenge."

ORNL is also exploring the use of carbon fiber composite materials in other energy-related applications such as blades and towers for wind turbines and industrial technologies. "Decreasing vehicle weight and fuel demand through the use of carbon fiber composite material is a big step government and industry can take together to help America achieve its fuel efficiency goals," said Dana Christensen, associate laboratory director for Energy and Engineering Sciences at ORNL. "During the last 10 years, we''ve made significant progress toward overcoming commercialization barriers caused by high carbon fiber production costs and limited manufacturing technologies."

Ray Boeman, director of ORNL''s Advance Transportation Systems Programs, said ongoing research focus areas include identifying low-cost carbon fiber precursors, developing advanced technologies for converting precursors to carbon fiber, and testing low-cost composite design and manufacturing capabilities.

"The new technology center''s capabilities are expected to advance these research efforts, while enabling development of new innovations and commercialization opportunities," Boeman said. "Operating at a pilot level, the facility will be highly flexible and instrumented to demonstrate and evaluate the scalability of science and technology for lowering carbon fiber costs at least 50 percent and improving affordability of carbon fiber in high volume applications."

The center will be capable of producing up to 80 tons per year of low-cost carbon fiber for evaluation and use by industry and government partners. Primary equipment will include a thermal (conventional) carbon fiber conversion line and a melt-spun precursor fiber production line. Space and utility provisions are planned to add an advanced technology conversion line. Boeman said 17 potential users from industry, academia, economic development agencies, and the government submitted letters of support or commitment for the research center, which also will accommodate educational and training opportunities.

"The technology center will enable ORNL researchers to interface more closely with our partners, helping foster a highly skilled workforce, domestic job growth and economic development," Boeman said.
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