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In the last few decades, two-dimensional monolayer ?lms of gold nanoparticles (2D MFGS) have attracted increasing attention in various ?elds, due to their superior attributes of macroscopic size and accessible fabrication, controllable electromagnetic enhancement, distinctive optical harvesting and electron transport capabilities. This review will focus on the recent progress of 2D monolayer ?lms of gold nanoparticles in construction approaches, surface engineering strategies and functional applications in the optical and electric ?elds. The research challenges and prospective directions of 2D MFGS are also discussed. This review would promote a better understanding of 2D MFGS and establish a necessary bridge among the multidisciplinary research ?elds.